Post by namsiulamkuen on Jan 22, 2005 18:40:49 GMT -5
I was research something the other day when I came upon some information—Evert are you still researching this
Extract from ykleungt.tripod.com/pingcsp.htm
Tien Ti Hui
In the beginning of the eighteenth century, the economic condition of China was not so good. While the land and wealth gradually concentrated to minority of people, majority of Chinese became ever more impoverished. After the Opium War of 1839 to 1842, the condition was even worse with the Treaty of Nanking. The whole country's trade and industry were more or less affected by the western impact. The additional foreign influences intensified the inherent contradiction in Chinese society. Those poor people had nothing and were not able to get the necessaries of life. The only increase was the opium smokers. Furthermore, there was famine in large area of Kwangsi and Hunan provinces for several successive years. The poor people were deserving or needing help and sympathy, but they had been abandoned by the government. They organised the secret societies to help themselves.
During the early 1840s, there were so many uprisings of the lower level members, such as the urban or rural labourers, peasants and handicraft workers in Kwangtung, Hunan and neighbouring provinces. Most of these rebels were initiated and organized by the popular secret societies such as the Pai Lien Chiao ("White Lotus") and Tien Li Chiao (Heaven and Earth Society) which had spread throughout the southern provinces of China. The Tien Ti Hui , also known as the San Ho Hui (Triads), was a secret society of a popular, anti-dynastic nature, whose members included handicraft workers, peasants, urban and rural labourers and vagrants.
The Tien Ti Hui had existed for a long time, as a representation of popular dissent to the Qing government. About the beginning of the Tien Ti Hui, Chinese scholars have not come to an identical view. Some sources suggested that the Tien Ti Hui was begun in the thirteenth year of the Kang Hsi reign (1674AD), and the other sources said that the Tien Ti Hui was organised in the twenty-sixth year of the Chien Long reign (1761AD) of the Qing dynasty.
According to the information printed on the book "Luo Ergang and the Taiping Tien Kuo History", an official report from the Kwangsi governor Cheng Lin to the Chia Ch'ing Emperor in the sixteenth year of the Chia Ch'ing reign (1811AD).
The report mentioned about the arrest of Li Tien Pao , leader of the Tien Ti Hui in Kwangsi province. This showing the Tien Ti Hui activities at less could be traced back to the beginning of nineteenth century.
Extract from EM Magazine
The first Triads were actually brotherhoods of political rebels. Formed in 1674 to oppose oppressive Manchu rule, the Hung League was one of these groups. Emperors of the Q’ing Dynasty issued various edicts against all and then specific secret societies like the Hung League. Circles of rebels responded in revolt, and thousands died in the resulting bloodshed. <br>
Another fraternity, called the Tien-Ti Hui, coalesced in the mid-eighteenth century for the benefit of peasants and migrants. It soon spiraled into blatant criminality. Fortune-seekers looked to membership as a means of increasing personal wealth, instead of standing strong with fellow countrymen. Banks, storehouses, and homes of rich officials were raided for the purpose of fund-raising, and the motto of these robbing hoods became “Hit the rich and help the poor.” Yet virtually everyone was poor. Branches of this society carried on in like fashion, and Triads were officially being organized with criminal intentions in mind.
A new chapter of the Triad saga was opened with the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), a movement headed by disenchanted scholar Hung Hsiu-ch’uan. After failing his civil-service examinations despite strong qualifications, Hung became resentful of the government and eventually embraced the Protestant faith. He grew ever delusional as he gained supporters, and at one point claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. Operating under his own Ten Commandments, Hung and his devoted army of followers raged through sixteen provinces in a three-year coup until even the capital city, Nanjing, had fallen. Hung condemned all Triads as sinners and outlawed many of theirpractices. If the Triads wanted to survive, they had to relocate. And so, fleeing the twisted Christian fury that laid the mainland to waste, the Triads packed bags and left their burning countryside for Hong Kong.
Also
www.hispagimnasios.com/a_kungfu/soc_secreta_hung.php
(needs google translator)
Extract from ykleungt.tripod.com/pingcsp.htm
Tien Ti Hui
In the beginning of the eighteenth century, the economic condition of China was not so good. While the land and wealth gradually concentrated to minority of people, majority of Chinese became ever more impoverished. After the Opium War of 1839 to 1842, the condition was even worse with the Treaty of Nanking. The whole country's trade and industry were more or less affected by the western impact. The additional foreign influences intensified the inherent contradiction in Chinese society. Those poor people had nothing and were not able to get the necessaries of life. The only increase was the opium smokers. Furthermore, there was famine in large area of Kwangsi and Hunan provinces for several successive years. The poor people were deserving or needing help and sympathy, but they had been abandoned by the government. They organised the secret societies to help themselves.
During the early 1840s, there were so many uprisings of the lower level members, such as the urban or rural labourers, peasants and handicraft workers in Kwangtung, Hunan and neighbouring provinces. Most of these rebels were initiated and organized by the popular secret societies such as the Pai Lien Chiao ("White Lotus") and Tien Li Chiao (Heaven and Earth Society) which had spread throughout the southern provinces of China. The Tien Ti Hui , also known as the San Ho Hui (Triads), was a secret society of a popular, anti-dynastic nature, whose members included handicraft workers, peasants, urban and rural labourers and vagrants.
The Tien Ti Hui had existed for a long time, as a representation of popular dissent to the Qing government. About the beginning of the Tien Ti Hui, Chinese scholars have not come to an identical view. Some sources suggested that the Tien Ti Hui was begun in the thirteenth year of the Kang Hsi reign (1674AD), and the other sources said that the Tien Ti Hui was organised in the twenty-sixth year of the Chien Long reign (1761AD) of the Qing dynasty.
According to the information printed on the book "Luo Ergang and the Taiping Tien Kuo History", an official report from the Kwangsi governor Cheng Lin to the Chia Ch'ing Emperor in the sixteenth year of the Chia Ch'ing reign (1811AD).
The report mentioned about the arrest of Li Tien Pao , leader of the Tien Ti Hui in Kwangsi province. This showing the Tien Ti Hui activities at less could be traced back to the beginning of nineteenth century.
Extract from EM Magazine
The first Triads were actually brotherhoods of political rebels. Formed in 1674 to oppose oppressive Manchu rule, the Hung League was one of these groups. Emperors of the Q’ing Dynasty issued various edicts against all and then specific secret societies like the Hung League. Circles of rebels responded in revolt, and thousands died in the resulting bloodshed. <br>
Another fraternity, called the Tien-Ti Hui, coalesced in the mid-eighteenth century for the benefit of peasants and migrants. It soon spiraled into blatant criminality. Fortune-seekers looked to membership as a means of increasing personal wealth, instead of standing strong with fellow countrymen. Banks, storehouses, and homes of rich officials were raided for the purpose of fund-raising, and the motto of these robbing hoods became “Hit the rich and help the poor.” Yet virtually everyone was poor. Branches of this society carried on in like fashion, and Triads were officially being organized with criminal intentions in mind.
A new chapter of the Triad saga was opened with the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), a movement headed by disenchanted scholar Hung Hsiu-ch’uan. After failing his civil-service examinations despite strong qualifications, Hung became resentful of the government and eventually embraced the Protestant faith. He grew ever delusional as he gained supporters, and at one point claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. Operating under his own Ten Commandments, Hung and his devoted army of followers raged through sixteen provinces in a three-year coup until even the capital city, Nanjing, had fallen. Hung condemned all Triads as sinners and outlawed many of theirpractices. If the Triads wanted to survive, they had to relocate. And so, fleeing the twisted Christian fury that laid the mainland to waste, the Triads packed bags and left their burning countryside for Hong Kong.
Also
www.hispagimnasios.com/a_kungfu/soc_secreta_hung.php
(needs google translator)
